Introduction
A motor with one Dahlander or tapped winding and a separate mid speed winding will give the motor three speeds, possible pole configurations are for the Dahlander winding 12/6 or 8/4 poles and for the mid speed winding 8 or 6 poles. For 50Hz supplies this would give speeds of 500/1000 or 750/1500rpm for the Dahlander winding and 750 or 1000rpm for the mid speed winding. For 60Hz supplies this equates to 600/1200 or 900/1800rpm and 900 or 1200rpm respectively.
Power Circuit
Control Circuit (where direct on line starting at any speed is permitted)
Circuit Operation
As direct on line starting for any speed has been determined for this motor it follows that if the motor is at standstill and either speed 1, speed 2 or speed is selected the motor will start at the selected speed and run up to full speed in that speed.
The contact on terminals a3-a4 of each start push button energises the required direction contactor, either the forward contactor FC or the reverse contactor RC, the relevant main contacts 1-2, 3-4 and 5-6 close which puts power; with either clockwise or anticlockwise phase rotation; to the speed control contactors, normally open auxiliary contacts of the relevant direction contactor on terminals 13-14 close to maintain the power to that direction contactor when the button is released, a second normally open contact of the relevant direction contactor on terminals 43-44 closes which enables the speed contactors control circuit.
When the motor is at standstill and the speed 1 start button is pressed it’s contacts a3-a4, b3-b4 close and a1-a2, b1-b2 open.
The speed 1 push button contact on terminals a3-a4 closes to energise the required direction contactor as described above, the contact on terminals b3-b4 closes to energise the speed 1 contactor S1C which causes it’s main contacts on terminals 1-2, 3-4 and 5-6 to close, it’s normally open auxiliary contacts 13-14 close and normally closed auxiliary contacts 21-22, 31-32 open, the contact on terminals 13-14 closes to maintain power to the speed 1 contactor when the button is released. Power is connected from the power supply to the motor terminals 1U, 1V and 1W. The motor starts and accelerates to full speed in speed 1 in the requested direction.
When the motor is at standstill and the speed 2 start button is pressed it’s contacts a3-a4 close and a1-a2, b1-b2 open.
The speed 2 push button contact on terminals a3-a4 closes to energise the required direction contactor as described above, the contact on terminals b3-b4 closes to energise the speed 2 contactor S2C which causes it’s main contacts on terminals 1-2, 3-4 and 5-6 to close, it’s normally open auxiliary contacts 13-14 close and normally closed auxiliary contacts 21-22, 31-32 open, the normally open contact on terminals 13-14 closes to maintain power to the speed 2 contactor when the button is released. Power is connected from the power supply to the motor terminals 2U, 2V and 2W. The motor starts and accelerates to full speed in speed 2 in the requested direction.
When the motor is at standstill and the speed 3 start button is pressed it’s contacts a3-a4, b3-b4 close and a1-a2, b1-b2 open.
The speed 3 push button contact on terminals a3-a4 closes to energise the required direction contactor as described above, the contact on terminals b3-b4 closes to energise the speed 3 star contactor S3SC which causes it’s main contacts on terminals 1-2, 3-4 and 5-6 to close and it’s normally open auxiliary contact on terminals 13-14 to close Terminals 1U, 1V and 1W are short circuited which changes the low speed winding’s number of poles, when the normally open auxiliary contact on terminals 13-14 of the speed 3 star contactor close it energises the speed 3 contactor S3C which causes it’s main contacts on terminals 1-2, 3-4 and 5-6 to close, it’s normally open auxiliary contact on terminals 13-14 to close and normally closed auxiliary contacts 21-22, 31-32 open. The normally open contact on terminals 13-14 closes to maintain power to the speed 3 contactor when the button is released. Power is connected from the power supply to the motor terminals 3U1, 3V1 and 3W1. The motor now accelerates to full speed in speed 3 in the requested direction.
The motor’s direction of rotation cannot be changed whilst the motor is running. To change the direction of rotation it is necessary to stop the motor by pressing the stop button which de-energises the contactors to reset the control circuits ready to start the motor in the required direction in the requested direction.
To change speed whilst the motor is running it is only necessary to press the appropriate button which will cause the energised contactor or contactors to de-energise and the selected speed contactor or contactors to energise.
To stop the motor the stop button is pressed its contact a1-a2 opens which de-energises all the energised contactors thus stopping the motor by removing its power supply and resetting the control circuits.
The auxiliary normally closed contacts on terminals 21-22 of the forward FC and reverse RC contactors are placed into each others coil circuit so that electrically the two contactors cannot be simultaneously energised which would cause a short circuit, this can be seen by examination of the above circuit. It is normal to mechanically interlock the forward and reverse contactors in addition to the electrical interlock.
The auxiliary normally closed contacts on terminals 21-22 and 31-32 of the speed 1 S1C, speed 2 S2C and speed 3 S3C contactors are placed into each others coil circuit so that electrically only one contactor can be energised at a time, if two or more were simultaneously energised it would cause an overload or short circuit in the windings, this can be seen by examination of the above power circuit. It is normal to mechanically interlock the speed 1 and speed 3 contactors in addition to the electrical interlock. It is not possible with most contactors to mechanically interlock with two other contactors where this is possible all three speed contactors should be mechanically interlocked.
The auxiliary normally closed contacts on terminals 21-22 of the speed 1 S1C and speed 3 star S3SC contactors are placed into each others coil circuit so that electrically the two contactors cannot be simultaneously energised which would cause a short circuit, this can be seen by examination of the above circuit. However it is normal to mechanically interlock the speed 1 and speed 3 star contactors in addition to the electrical interlock.
Control Circuit (where direct on line starting at low speed only is permitted)
Circuit Operation
As direct on line starting is permitted only for speed 1 of this motor it follows that if the motor is at standstill and either speed 2 or speed 3 is selected the motor will start at speed 1 and accelerate to full speed in speed 1 then switch over to the selected speed.
This is achieved by adding a pilot contactor to each of the speed 2 and speed 3 contactor circuits and a start sequence complete relay.
The contact on terminals a3-a4 of each start push button energises the required direction contactor, either the forward contactor FC or the reverse contactor RC, the relevant main contacts 1-2, 3-4 and 5-6 close which puts power; with either clockwise or anticlockwise phase rotation; to the speed control contactors, normally open auxiliary contacts of the relevant direction contactor on terminals 13-14 close to maintain the power to that direction contactor when the button is released, a second normally open contact of the relevant direction contactor on terminals 43-44 closes which enables the speed contactors control circuit.
When the motor is at standstill and the speed 1 start button is pressed it’s contacts a3-a4, b3-b4 close and a1-a2, b1-b2 open.
The speed 1 push button contact on terminals a3-a4 closes to energise the required direction contactor as described above, the contact on terminals b3-b4 closes to energise the speed 1 contactor S1C which causes it’s main contacts on terminals 1-2, 3-4 and 5-6 to close, it’s normally open auxiliary contacts on terminals 13-14 close and normally closed auxiliary contacts on terminals 21-22, 31-32 open, the normally open contact on terminals 13-14 closes to maintain power to the speed 1 contactor when the button is released. Power is connected from the power supply to the motor terminals 1U, 1V and 1W. The motor is connected to the full line voltage and accelerates to full speed in speed 1 in the requested direction.
When the speed 1 contactor S1C energises it’s auxiliary normally open contact on terminals 43-44 closes, which starts the timing sequence of speed 1 timer S1T when that timer times out it’s contact on terminals 15-18 close which energises the start sequence complete relay SSCR. When the start sequence complete relay energises the normally open contact on terminals 13-14 closes to keep the relay energised.
The purpose of the start sequence complete relay SSCR is to facilitate switching between the speeds without having to go through the speed 1 starting sequence; it is de-energised when the stop button is pressed.
When the motor is at standstill and the speed 2 start button is pressed it’s contacts a3-a4, b3-b4 close and a1-a2, b1-b2 open.
The speed 2 push button contact on terminals a3-a4 closes to energise the required direction contactor as described above, the contact on terminals b3-b4 closes to energise the speed 2 pilot contactor S2PC it’s contacts 13-14, 43-44 close and 21-22 open, the normally open contact on terminals 13-14 maintains power to the speed 2 pilot contactor S2PC when the button is released, the closing of the normally open contact on terminals 43-44 initiates the speed 1 starting sequence which operates as detailed above, whilst the normally closed contact on terminals 21-22 opens to prevent the speed 1 contactor S1C maintaining circuit from keeping the speed 1 contactor energised.
At the completion of the speed 1 starting sequence the starting sequence complete relay SSCR energises, the normally open contact on terminals 13-14 closes to keep the relay energised a normally closed contact on terminals 21-22 opens which de-energises the speed 1 contactor and a normally open contact on terminals 33-34 closes to complete the circuit to the speed 2 contactor coil S2C which energises causing it’s main contacts on terminals 1-2, 3-4 and 5-6 to close, it’s normally closed auxiliary contacts 21-22, 31-32 open. Power is connected from the power supply to the motor terminals 2U, 2V and 2W. The motor now accelerates to full speed in speed 2 in the requested direction.
When the motor is at standstill and the speed 3 start button is pressed it’s contacts a3-a4, b3-b4 close and a1-a2, b1-b2 open.
The speed 3 push button contact on terminals a3-a4 closes to energise the required direction contactor as described above, the contact on terminals b3-b4 closes to energise the speed 3 pilot contactor S3PC it’s contacts on terminals 13-14, 43-44 close and 21-22 open, the normally open contact on terminals 13-14 closes to maintain power to the speed 3 pilot contactor S3PC when the button is released, the closing of the normally open contact on terminals 43-44 initiates the speed 1 starting circuit which operates as detailed above, whilst the normally closed contact on terminals 21-22 opens to prevent the speed 1 contactor S1C maintaining circuit from keeping the speed 1 contactor energised.
At the completion of the speed 1 starting sequence the starting sequence complete relay SSCR energises the normally open contact on terminals 13-14 closes to keep the relay energised a normally closed contact on terminals 21-22 opens which de-energises the speed 1 contactor and a normally open contact on terminals 43-44 closes to complete the circuit to the speed 3 star contactor coil S3SC which energises causing it’s main contacts on terminals 1-2, 3-4 and 5-6 to close and it’s normally open auxiliary contact on terminals 13-14 to close Terminals 1U, 1V and 1W are short circuited which changes the Dahlander winding’s number of poles, when the normally open auxiliary contact on terminals 13-14 of the speed 3 star contactor closes it energises the speed 3 contactor S3C which causes it’s main contacts on terminals 1-2, 3-4 and 5-6 to close, it’s normally closed auxiliary contacts 21-22, 31-32 open. Power is connected from the power supply to the motor terminals 3U1, 3V1 and 3W1. The motor now accelerates to full speed in speed 3 in the requested direction.
The motor’s direction of rotation cannot be changed whilst the motor is running. To change the direction of rotation it is necessary to stop the motor by pressing the stop button which de-energises the contactors, relays and timers to reset the control circuits ready to start the motor in the required direction.
To change speed whilst the motor is running it is only necessary to press the appropriate button which will cause the energised contactor or contactors to de-energise and the selected speed contactor or contactors to energise. Where that speed change is from either speed 3 or speed 2 to speed 1 the motor is connected in ‘run’ without going through the starting sequence.
To stop the motor the stop button is pressed its contact a1-a2 opens which de-energises all the energised contactors, relays and timers thus stopping the motor by removing its power supply and resetting the control circuits.
The auxiliary normally closed contacts on terminals 21-22 of the forward FC and reverse RC contactors are placed into each others coil circuit so that electrically the two contactors cannot be simultaneously energised which would cause a short circuit, this can be seen by examination of the above circuit. It is normal to mechanically interlock the forward and reverse contactors in addition to the electrical interlock.
The auxiliary normally closed contacts on terminals 21-22 and 31-32 of the speed 1 S1C, speed 2 S2C and speed 3 S3C contactors are placed into each others coil circuit so that electrically only one contactor can be energised at a time, if two or more were simultaneously energised it would cause an overload or short circuit in the windings, this can be seen by examination of the above power circuit. It is normal to mechanically interlock the speed 1 and speed 3 in addition to the electrical interlock. It is not possible with most contactors to mechanically interlock with two other contactors where this is possible all three speed contactors should be mechanically interlocked.
The auxiliary normally closed contacts on terminals 21-22 of the speed 1 S1C and speed 3 star S3SC contactors are placed into each others coil circuit so that electrically the two contactors cannot be simultaneously energised which would cause a short circuit, this can be seen by examination of the above circuit. However it is normal to mechanically interlock the speed 1 and speed 3 star contactors in addition to the electrical interlock.